Mandeep Singh

 प्राचीन समय की बात है जब भारत में वेदों का पठन - पाठन होता था । ऋषि अपने आश्रमों में रहते थे तथा शिष्यों को वेदों का ज्ञान देते थे । उन्हीं दिनों एक ऋषि थे वाजश्रवा जो कि विद्वान तथा चरित्रवान थे । उनके एक नचिकेता नाम का पुत्र था । एक बार महर्षि वाजश्रवा ने विश्वजित ' यज्ञ किया और उन्होंने प्रतिज्ञा की कि इस यज्ञ में अपनी सारी संपत्ति दान कर दूंगा । कई दिनों तक यज्ञ चलने के बाद यज्ञ की समाप्ति हुई । समाप्ति के बाद महर्षि ने अपनी सारी गाय दक्षिणा में दे दी । दान देकर महर्षि संतुष्ट हो गए । बालक नचिकेता को गायों को दान में देना कुछ अच्छा नहीं लगा क्योंकि वे गाय बूढ़ी तथा दुर्बल थीं । उसे लगा ऐसी गाय दान में देना उचित नहीं है । पिता जी बहुत बड़ी भूल कर रहे हैं । पुत्र होने के नाते मुझे इस भूल के बारे में पिता जी से विचार - विमर्श, करना चाहिए । इसी उद्देश्य से बालक नचिकेता पिता के पास गया और बोला , " पिता जी आपने जिन बूढ़ी और निर्बल गायों को दान में दिया है वे इस अवस्था में नहीं थीं कि किसी को दान में दी जाएँ । " महर्षि बोले , " मैंने प्रतिज्ञा की थी कि अपनी सारी संपत्त...

सरोजिनी नायडू बहुमुखी प्रतिभा की धनी थीं । उनमें वीर नारी का ओज , गृहणी की सादगी , कवयित्री की कोमलता तथा सरलता , नेत्री की संगठन क्षमता , वक्ता की प्रभावशीलता , सैनिक की तत्परता और प्रशासक की कुशलता थी । इतना कर्मठ और संघर्षमय राजनीतिक जीवन होने पर भी इनके हृदय की हरीतिमा कभी भी मुरझाई नहीं थी ।  "श्रम करते हैं हम कि समृद्ध हो तुम्हारी जागृति का क्षण 1हो चुका जागरण अब देखो , निकला दिन कितना उज्जवल । " ये पंक्तियाँ सरोजिनी नायडू ने अपनी मातृभूमि को संबोधित करते हुए लिखी थीं । वे महान कवयित्री भी थीं । सरोजिनी नायडू का जन्म 13 फरवरी , सन 1879 को हैदराबाद में हुआ था । इनके पिता डॉ ० अघोरनाथ चट्टोपाध्याय एक प्रसिद्ध वैज्ञानिक थे । इनकी माँ वरदासुंदरी साहित्य प्रेमी महिला थीं । वरदासुंदरी भी कविता लिखती थीं । सरोजिनी के पिता चाहते थे कि वे गणितज्ञ बनें , लेकिन इनके लिए गणित के सवालों में मन लगाने के बजाय एक कविता लिख देना ज़्यादा आसान था । बारह वर्ष की अवस्था में सरोजिनी ने मद्रास यूनिवर्सिटी से मैट्रिक उत्तीर्ण किया । तेरह वर्ष की अवस्था में इन्होंने 1300 पंक्तियों की कविता  ...

पंडित रविशंकर भारतीय शास्त्रीय संगीत की उत्कृष्टता के सबसे बड़े उद्घोषक हैं । एक सितारवादक के रूप में उन्होंने जो ख्याति प्राप्त की है उससे लगता है कि रविशंकर और सितार , मानो एक - दूसरे के लिए ही बने हैं । अन्य कलाकारों के मुकाबले उन्होंने भारतीय संगीत का विदेशों में अधिक प्रचार - प्रसार किया है । वह बीसवीं शताब्दी के बड़े संगीतज्ञों में गिने जाते हैं । पाश्चात्य देशों में उनके कार्यक्रमों में दर्शक सदैव ही मंत्रमुग्ध हो जाते हैं । भारतीय शास्त्रीय संगीत की लोकप्रियता विदेशों में देखते हुए ही इन्हें ' भारतीय संगीत का राजदूत ' कहा जाता है । पं ० रविशंकर का जन्म सन 1920 में वाराणसी में हुआ था । रविशंकर ने अपने कैरियर की शुरुआत अपने बड़े भाई उदयशंकर के साथ एक ' बैले डांसर ' के रूप में की थी । परंतु इन्होंने कुछ समय बाद उसे छोड़ दिया और उस्ताद अलाउद्दीन खान से सितार1 वादन की शिक्षा ग्रहण की । ये प्रतिदिन लगभग 18 घंटे तक अभ्यास करते थे । इतनी कड़ी मेहनत के बाद रविशंकर को सितार वादन में महारथ हासिल हुई । रविशंकर सितार के महानतम वादक के रूप में जाने जाते हैं । ये न केवल सितारव...

~CHAPTER = 1~ <NATURE OF GEOGRAPHY AS A DISCIPLINE> ^   QUESTIONS  AND ANSWER   ^ Q. 1. What is geography ?  Ans. Geography is largely the study of the interaction of all physical and human phenomenon and landscapes created by such interactions.  Q. 2. Why is earth's surface changing?  Ans. Earth's surface is changing because of thecontinuous interaction between the environment in which we live in and the way we use it.  Q. 3. Name three branches of regional geography ?  Ans. (i) Regional studies,  (ii) Regional analysis,  (iii) Regional development,  (iv) Regional planning.  Q. 4. What is geomorphology ?  Ans. It is connected with the study of the landforms on the Earth's EI surface.  Q. 5. What is astronomical geography ?  Ans. It studies the celestial phenomena which concern the Earth's 15 surface particularly Sun, Moon and planets of the solar system.  Q. 6. What is cultural geograph...

Lala Lajpat Rai's name is inscribed in gold letters in the history of Indian independence movement. He played an invaluable contribution in liberating the country from the slavery of the British. He was a highly educated man. He made a subtle study of the glorious history of India. Seeing the country held in the chains of slavery, they jumped into the freedom movement. Lala ji was a favorite of the youth. Fearless and sacrificial leader was needed to instill enthusiasm among the youth, this work was done by Lala ji. The afflicted Indians were wishing for the birth of an avatar. In such a situation, in 1865, on 28 January, that great soul was born, which later shocked the British with his mighty personality. He was born in a village called Ghudi in Ferozepur district of Punjab. His father's name was Radhakishan, who was a teacher by profession. His mother Gulab Devi was a domestic woman. Lala ji is serious from the beginning. Were of nature The imprint of intelligen...

Maharishi Swami Dayanand Saraswati is named with great reverence and respect among the great social reformers of the nineteenth century. At the time when Indian society was dominated by hypocrisy, superstition and many social evils, they tried to establish a society whose ideas are reformist and progressive. He named this society 'Arya Samaj'. Swami ji's slogan was "Return to the Vedas." Swami Dayanand's childhood name was Moolshankar. He was born in 1824 in village Tankara of Morvi state of Gujarat. His father's name was Shri Krishnalal Tiwari and mother's name was Yashodabai. His father was a worshiper of Shaivism. His father's wish was that his son should become a Sadgrihastha by reading and writing and Zamindari. Help them in the transaction, but Mool Shankar's sharp mind seemed to be in study and solitude. Moolshankar had his early education in Sanskrit. He had memorized many mantras and verses of Sanskrit in a few days due to sha...

Savitri used to state the king naTo refine the mind of Savitri, Ashwati sent him to pilgrimage and said, "I give you the freedom to choose your bride." - Savitri rides on the chariot and got out to visit. On the way, Savitri appeared to be a wonderful place where there was many beautiful trees and greenery around. At the same time, a Gutty Youth was playing with the horse's child. On his face He was fast and he had to hold bark on the body. Savitri saw and will be relaxed by the minister "Today's night will rest here." When was the chariot, to get the youth introduced. Came to them. When he came to know that the visitor is Princess, he took him to his father's ashram with great honor. He said, "My parents are ineffective. My father was ineffective at some time. But at this time. They are doing penance at this time. My name is Satyavan." Savitri returned home next day. With great decency, he asked his father to marry Satyan. King Ashwhapati was ...

Tipu Sultan was an unmatched brave warrior of unshaken mind and brilliant personality. He was a great warrior who fought against the British till his death, which was also called the "Lion of Mysore". Tipu Sultan was born on 20 November 1750. Tipu's father Hyder Ali was the ruler of Mysore, but he never became a king but remained in a high military post for a long time. When the king of Mysore died, his younger son, aged 3–4 years, was made king. Hyder Ali did all the work of the state in his name. Hyder Ali was a brave man. He gradually extended the border of the Kingdom of Mysore. Read - He had good military knowledge even when not written. His assistant Khadrao was a Maharashtrian. Although Hyder Ali himself did not read and write, he made good arrangements for the education of the island. When Tipu was six years old, his education started. He received equal education in both Hindu and Muslim religions. Tipu was taught horse riding and weapon...